كتاب A Response to Patricia Crone s Book Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam

In the Name of Allah the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Introduction Patricia Crone's book Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Oxford, 1987 grabbed my attention, because it tackled an era connected with "The History of the Arabs before Islam", a course I am teaching to female students at the Department of History, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah. It is noteworthy that when I started reading through this book, I was really shocked by what I read between the lines and even overtly. What shocked me is that some things were clear, but others were grossly incorrect and hidden behind a mask of fake historical research, the purposes of which are obvious for every professional researcher. Therefore, as a scholar in the field, it was necessary for me to respond to this book so that readers will not be deceived and misguided by the great errors introduced to them under the guise of historical research or scholarship. Crone is an orientalist who raised somewhat clever questions, but her answers were misleading. Most of the time, she deliberately used documented and logical coordination in order to prove the opposite of what has already been proven to be correct. It is a well-known fact that the easiest way to pass an illogical issue and to make readers swallow it is to begin by an assumption which looks logical and persuasive, but is in fact essentially void. Then from this false assumption, you jump to a set of conclusions in order to make your case logical and acceptable. A lies in the speed at which false assumptions are passed on skillfully and quickly so that the reader will not pay attention to the issue of their validity. Thus, the reader will be easily persuaded to accept the findings.This technique is followed in historical studies by some non-objective researchers. They insisted on a certain idea, and to prove this idea they look for evidence within a context which seems to be persuasive, but in fact lacks validity. Crone has changed and substituted some of the words mentioned in historical texts. She introduced other detached texts, and intentionally ignored the sources which contradict her opinions; otherwise, her idea would collapse. Also, she stated conclusions without mentioning the references she depended upon. Furthermore, she accused certain orientalists who disagreed with her of trusting Islamic sources despite all their defects. This persistent endeavor on her part aimed at misgiving "Surat Quraysh" and "The Battle of Badr". The later, according to the Holy Qur'an and other Islamic sources, took place in the month of Ramadan. She also changed actual historical locations; Mecca was changed from its well known geographical and historical location. She put the Ka'ba in the North of the Arabian Peninsula. Moreover, she claimed that Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him (pbuh), appeared in "Balqa", in the farthest North of the Arabian Peninsula, despite her emphasis that the events related to the Prophet were predestined to take place in the South. A I examined her many fallacies as an attempt to list the most important issues for the purpose of deliberately deceiving and misleading others. In this study, I discussed all these issues stating the main themes as follows: First, is Crone's rejection of historical and geographical facts claiming that the Holy City of Makkah is not situated on its original historical location. She moved the location of Makkah on the map thereby rejecting all indications made by Greek and Roman authors to Makkah in the old ages. Second, is Crone's denial of the Pilgrimage to Makkah (the Ka'ba) before Islam. She claimed that they went to three marketplaces near to Makkah: Ukaz, Dhul- Majaz, and Majanna. She did not explain hermitage before and in Islam, and in both cases she neglected circamumbation and Talbiay (the pronouncement made by Pilgrims to Allah during Hajj). In most cases, she fabricated superficial logical coordination in order to prove the opposite of what has already been proven. She did not pay enough attention to the diverse sources which contradict and completely undermine her opinion, exploiting the lack of awareness of most European readers regarding the rituals of the Pilgrimage. Third, Crone refuses to recognize the role of Quraysh in the international trade of the Orient. She insists on marginalizing and limiting Quraysh’s role to local areas. Often, she was about to recognize Quraysh’s international trade, but intentionally refrained from doing so by using vague sentences and without giving any explanation. Moreover, she completely rejected the explanations of A Response to Patricia Crone's Book scholars on Surat Quraysh, on which the internationality of Quraysh’s trade before Islam was very clear. Fourth, Crone mistrusted the mission of the Last Prophet, Muhammad (pbuh) by claiming that his mission appeared in the North of the Arabian Peninsula and not in the Holy City of Makkah. She did this in order to undermine one of the most important bases of the Islamic mission which started from Makkah. She claimed that Quraysh resided in the North of Hejaz, not in Makkah, though it is an undisputable and well-known fact that Quraysh lived in Makkah.
امال محمد الروبى - ❰ له مجموعة من الإنجازات والمؤلفات أبرزها ❞ A Response to Patricia Crone s Book Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam ❝ ❱
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